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Liver stem cell treatment6/22/2023 ![]() Late complications include jaundice, coagulopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), with complications recurring with increasing frequency after the initial presentation, and most patients die within a median time of approximately 2 years. The end stage of liver fibrosis is cirrhosis, and patients with decompensated cirrhosis develop multiple complications the most common clinical manifestations are ascites and gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. Long-term liver injury gradually results in the loss of liver function and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to the occurrence of liver fibrosis. It has become an increasingly serious cause of death worldwide, accounting for 3.5% of all annual mortality globally. Liver disease is an infection of the liver induced by viruses (such as hepatitis B and C), autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and progressive metabolic diseases resulting in liver failure, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. MSCs can be used as a candidate therapeutic agent to lengthen the survival duration of patients with liver cirrhosis or possibly reverse the condition in the near future. As a result, our findings lend credence to the concept of developing a cell therapy treatment for liver cirrhosis that is premised on MSCs. Additionally, we examine the processes that are involved in the MSCs-dependent modulation of the immune milieu in liver cirrhosis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of MSCs, representative clinical study data, and the potential mechanisms of MSCs-based strategies for attenuating liver cirrhosis. These molecules, which include extracellular vesicles, lipids, free nucleic acids, and soluble proteins, exert crucial roles in repairing damaged tissue. ![]() MSCs can also release a huge variety of molecules into the extracellular environment. This is accomplished through the cell migration into liver sites, immunoregulation, hepatogenic differentiation, as well as paracrine mechanisms. Recent research has shown that the administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive treatment modality for repairing liver injury and enhancing liver regeneration. As a result, there is an immediate need for a different kind of therapeutic approach. Although liver transplantation is still a viable option, numerous limitations limit its application, including a lack of donor organs, immune rejection, and postoperative complications. In advanced fibrosis, liver cirrhosis develops, a condition for which there is no successful therapy other than liver transplantation. Liver fibrosis can be either acute or chronic and is induced by a variety of hepatotoxic causes, including lipid deposition, drugs, viruses, and autoimmune reactions. The current review defines and discusses different populations of hepatic cells which can be potentially used for liver cell transplantation to advance the therapy of hepatic cirrhosis.Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process that occurs in response to severe injuries and is hallmarked by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or scar tissues within the liver. ![]() Future studies of iPS are designed to develop of specific conditions to expand and in vitro differentiate somatic cells into functionally mature liver cells. Similarly, iPS are somatic cells obtained from patients and differentiated into hepatocytes in vitro. They can rapidly proliferate, change their cellular composition, and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to compensate for the cellular loss and maintain liver homeostasis in animal models of liver injury. Liver precursor cells (oval cells) are recognized as bipotential precursor cells in the damaged liver. Extraordinary progress has been made in the field of hepatic progenitors and iPS. These cells include hepatocytes, oval cells (bipotential intrahepatic progenitor cells), bone marrow hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.Īlthough liver transplantation remains the only conventional treatment, liver cell transplantation is an experimental procedure which has been successfully used in clinical trials in patients with acute liver failure, chronic liver disease with end-stage cirrhosis. Here we briefly summarize the current concepts in treatment of liver diseases based on the transplantation of intrahepatic liver cells, capable of repopulating the injured liver. Patients with liver cirrhosis often require liver transplantation, which remains the only effective treatment of the end-stage cirrhosis.
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